Lithium iron batteries and ternary lithium batteries, as the current mainstream power batteries, have attracted much attention to their safety issues. Understanding their differences in safety is of great significance for improving the safety of new energy vehicles, optimizing the application of battery technology, and promoting the sustainable development of the industry.

1. Chemical properties and safety of battery materials.

① Lithium iron battery.

The positive electrode material of lithium iron batteries is lithium iron phosphate, which has stable chemical properties. During the charging and discharging process, the structure of lithium iron batteries is relatively stable, less prone to phase transition, and has good thermal stability, which makes it less prone to thermal runaway in high temperature environments.

② Ternary lithium battery.

The positive electrode material of ternary lithium batteries is usually composed of nickel cobalt manganese (or nickel cobalt aluminum). Due to the characteristics of its material, ternary lithium batteries have a high energy density, but during the charging and discharging process, they are prone to phase transition, have poor thermal stability, and are relatively more prone to thermal runaway.

2. The Impact of Battery Management System (BMS) on Safety

① The Importance of BMS.

The battery management system plays a crucial role in ensuring battery safety. It can monitor the voltage, current, temperature and other parameters of the battery in real time, evaluate and control the status of the battery, and avoid overcharging, overdischarging, overheating and other situations.

② Differences in BMS between lithium iron batteries and ternary lithium batteries.

Due to the different chemical characteristics of lithium iron batteries and ternary lithium batteries, there are also differences in the requirements for BMS. Ternary lithium batteries require higher precision and response speed from BMS to ensure their safety.

3. Battery pack design, thermal protection measures, and safety.

① Battery pack design.

Reasonable battery pack design can improve the safety of batteries. Including the design of battery arrangement, structural strength, and other aspects.

② Thermal protection measures.

The use of effective thermal protection materials and heat dissipation structures in battery packs can reduce the temperature of the battery during operation and minimize the risk of thermal runaway.

For lithium iron batteries, due to their good thermal stability, the requirements for thermal protection measures are relatively low; and ternary lithium batteries require stricter thermal protection measures.

4. Statistical analysis of safety accidents.

According to relevant data statistics, over 80% of new energy vehicle fire accidents use ternary lithium batteries, while the accident rate of lithium iron batteries is relatively low. This data intuitively reflects the safety differences between the two types of batteries in practical applications.

5. Security considerations in market applications.

① Ternary lithium battery

Due to its ability to provide longer range, it is suitable for medium to high range vehicles. More attention should be paid to security management in applications to ensure the safety of users' use.

② Lithium iron battery

Low cost and good safety, suitable for mid to low range vehicles. In market applications, its stability advantage has been demonstrated to some extent.

6. The comprehensive impact of cost and performance on security.

① Cost factors.

Lithium iron batteries have a lower cost, which gives them an advantage in some cost sensitive application scenarios. However, lower cost does not mean that its safety can be ignored.

② Performance factors.

Although ternary lithium batteries have higher costs, they provide stronger energy density. While pursuing high performance, it is necessary to ensure its security through technological means and management measures.

7. Seeking the optimal balance between materials and management systems.

In order to achieve optimal safety and performance of batteries, it is necessary to find the best balance between the selection of battery materials and the design of battery management systems. We need to fully leverage the performance advantages of battery materials while controlling potential safety risks through effective management systems.

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